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Central and Eastern Europe, abbreviated CEE, is a generic term for the group of countries in Central Europe, Southeast Europe, Northern Europe, and Eastern Europe, usually meaning former communist states in Europe. It is in use after the collapse of the Iron Curtain in 1989–90. In scholarly literature the abbreviations CEE or CEEC are often used for this concept.〔Z. Lerman, C. Csaki, and G. Feder, ''Agriculture in Transition: Land Policies and Evolving Farm Structures in Post-Soviet Countries'', Lexington Books, Lanham, MD (2004), see, e.g., Table 1.1, p. 4.〕〔J. Swinnen, ed., ''Political Economy of Agrarian Reform in Central and Eastern Europe'', Ashgate, Aldershot (1997).〕 ==Definitions== The term CEE includes all the Eastern bloc countries west of the post-World War II border with the former Soviet Union, the independent states in former Yugoslavia (which were not considered part of the Eastern bloc), and the three Baltic states – Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania – that chose not to join the CIS with the other 12 former republics of the USSR. The transition countries in Europe are thus classified today into two political-economic entities: CEE and CIS. The CEE countries are further subdivided by their accession status to the European Union (EU): the eight first-wave accession countries that joined the EU in 1 May 2004 (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, and Slovenia), the two second-wave accession countries that joined in 1 January 2007 (Romania and Bulgaria) and the third-wave accession country that joined in 1 July 2013 (Croatia). According to the World Bank, "the transition is over" for the 10 countries that joined the EU in 2004 and 2007.〔(''Unleashing Prosperity: Productivity Growth in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union'' ), World Bank, Washington (2008), p. 42〕 It can be also understood as all countries of the Eastern Bloc.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=OECD )〕 CEE includes the following former socialist countries, which extend east from the border of Germany and south from the Baltic Sea to the border with Greece: * - member of the European Union and NATO * - member of the European Union and NATO * - member of the European Union and NATO * (Eastern part) - member of the European Union and NATO * - member of the European Union and NATO * - member of the European Union and NATO * - member of the European Union and NATO * - member of the European Union and NATO * - member of the European Union and NATO * - member of the European Union and NATO * - member of the European Union and NATO * - member of the European Union and NATO * - member of NATO * * * * * Other former Communist countries in Europe, which are members of CIS are sometimes included in CEE:〔http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=303〕〔http://www.databasece.com/en/data〕〔http://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/research-and-insight/2013/changing-world-of-trade/〕〔http://www.foodnavigator.com/Financial-Industry/Nestle-performance-in-Europe-surprises-analysts〕 * * * * In addition: *, member of the European Union, was not a communist country during the Cold War, but it is sometimes included in CEE 〔http://www.rolandberger.at/media/pdf/Roland_Berger_Studie_CEE_in_2020_20101201.pdf〕 The definition of the region varies, depending on a source.〔http://www.weastra.com/cee-countries/〕〔http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=303〕〔http://www.rolandberger.at/media/pdf/Roland_Berger_Studie_CEE_in_2020_20101201.pdf〕 The term ''Central and Eastern Europe'' (with its abbreviation ''CEE'') has by now displaced the alternative term ''East-Central Europe'' in the context of transition countries, mainly because the abbreviation ''ECE'' is ambiguous: it commonly stands for ''Economic Commission for Europe'' rather than ''East-Central Europe''.〔(ECE – United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Central and Eastern Europe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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